SIMPLE PAST (PASADO SIMPLE):
En el Pasado Simple se encuentran 3 clases de verbos: el "TO BE", "REGULARES" e "IRREGULARES".
* VERB "TO BE" (FUE - ESTUVO)
Para las personas del singular el verbo TO BE será WAS (para afirmar y preguntar) y WASN´T (para negar). El VERBO TO BE es un verbo que se afirma, niega e intorroga solo.
Pron. | Verb to be | Frase de Tiempo | |
I HE SHE IT | WAS (+) WASN´T (-) | AT HOME. | *Yesterday (ayer) *Last week (la semana pasada) *Last year (el año pasado) *Last Monday (el lunes pasado) *The day before yesterday (el día antes de ayer) |
Estructura:
PRON. + TO BE + ... + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
_I was at home yesterday. (Yo estuve en casa ayer)
Negative Form
Estructura:
PRON. + TO BE (-) + ... + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
_He wasn´t with a friend last sunday. (El no estuvo con un amigo el domingo pasado)
Interrogative Form:
Estructura:
TO BE + PRON. + ... + FRASE DE TIEMPO ? |
Pron. | Verb to be | Frase de Tiempo | |
YOU WE THEY | WERE (+) WEREN´T (-) | AT HOME. | *Yesterday (ayer) *Last week (la semana pasada) *Last year (el año pasado) *Last Monday (el lunes pasado) *The day before yesterday (el día antes de ayer) |
PRON. + TO BE + ... + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
- You were at home yesterday. (Tu estuviste en casa ayer)
Negative Form:
Estructura:
PRON. + TO BE (-) + ... + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
_They weren´t with a friend last sunday. (El no estuvo con un amigo el domingo pasado)
Interrogative Form
Estructura
TO BE + PRON. + ... + FRASE DE TIEMPO? |
-Were you at home yesterday? (Estuviste en xasa ayer?)
Yes, You were/No, you weren´t
*REGULAR VERBS (VERBOS REGULARES)
Son aquellos verbos que no cambian su raíz, solo se les aumenta la partícula "ED" o "IED" según la terminación de dicho verbo.
Si el verbo finaliza en: | Se agregará… | Ejemplo: |
VOCAL + “Y” | = “ED” | Play = playED |
VOCAL + CONSONANTE | Look = lookED | |
CONSONANTE + “Y” | = “IED” (la “Y” se transforma en “i”. | Cry = crIED |
Affirmative Form:
PRON. + VERBO+ ED + … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
I cooked a pizza the day before yesterday. (Yo cociné pizza antes de ayer)
He cried because her mother told him off . (El lloró porque su mamá lo retó)
Negative Form:
Para negar se necesita del auxiliar DIDN´T. Ahora el verbo ya no lleva ninguna partícula, ya q ésta pasó a formar parte del auxiliar.
PRON. + DIDN´T (auxiliar) + VERBO (infinitivo)+ … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
I didn´t cook a pizza yesterday. (Yo no cociné pizza ayer)
He didn´t cry because he understood that his mother was right. (El no lloró porque entendió que su mamá tenía razón)
Interrogative Form:
Para poder interrogar se necesita del auxiliar DID, al suceder ésto el verbo queda en infinitivo ya que la partícula del verbo pasó a ser parte del auxiliar.
DID (auxiliar) + PRON. + VERBO (infinitivo)+ … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
DID I cook a pizza yesterday? ( Ayer cociné yo una pizza?)
Yes, I did/No, I didn´t.
DID he cry ? (Lloró el?)
Yes, He did/No, he didn´t.
*IRREGULAR VERBS (VERBOS IRREGULARES)
Son aquellos verbos que modifican completamente su raíz.
Estructuras:
Affirmative form:
PRON. + VERBO (2da COLUMNA) + … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
I went to Salta two years ago. (Yo fui a Salta dos años atrás)
Negative Form
PRON. + DIDN´T + VERBO (INFINITIVO) + … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
I didn´t go to Salta two years ago. (Yo no fui a Salta dos años atrás)
Interrogative Form:
DID (auxiliar) + PRON. + VERBO (infinitivo)+ … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
DID I go to Salta two years ago? (Fui yo a Salta dos años atrás?)
Yes, I did/No, I didn´t
ACÁ LES DEJO LA LISTA DE VERBOS REGULARES
Abandon | Abandonar | Abolish | Abolir |
Absolve | Absolver | Absorb | Absorber |
Abuse | Injuriar | Accede | Acceder |
Accelerate | Acelerar | Accent | Acentuar |
Accept | Aceptar | Accuse | Acusar |
Accustom | Acostumbrar | Achieve | Llevar a cabo |
Acquire | Adquirir | Act | Actuar |
Add | Sumar | Address | Dirigir |
Admire | Admirar | Admit | Admitir |
Adore | Adorar | Adorn | Adornar |
Advance | Avanzar | Advertise | Anunciar |
Advise | Aconsejar | Affirm | Afirmar |
Agree | Acceder | Allow | Permitir |
Amount | Ascender/cantidad | Amuse | Divertir |
Announce | Anunciar | Annoy | Molestar |
Answer | Contestar | Apologize | Excusarse |
Appear | Aparecer | Appoint | Nombrar |
Approach | Acercarse | Approve | Aprobar |
Arrange | Arreglar | Arrive | Llegar |
Ask | Preguntar | Assure | Asegurar |
Astonish | Asombrar | Attack | Atacar |
Attempt | Intentar | Attend | Asistir |
Attract | Atraer | Avoid | Evitar |
Bathe | Bañarse | Beg | Rogar, pedir |
Believe | Creer | Belong | Pertenecer |
Blame | Culpar | Book | Reservar |
Call | Llamar | Carry | Llevar |
Cash | Cobrar | Cease | Cesar |
Change | Cambiar | Check | Comprobar |
Claim | Reclamar | Clean | Limpiar |
Clear | Aclarar, limpiar | Climb | Trepar |
Close | Cerrar | Collect | Recoger |
Comb | Peinar | Combine | Combinar |
Command | Mandar | Commit | Cometer |
Compare | Comparar | Complain | Quejarse |
Compose | Componer | Conceal | Ocultar |
Consider | Considerar | Consist | Consistir |
Contain | Contener | Continue | Continuar |
Copy | Copiar | Correct | Corregir |
Cough | Toser | Count | Contar |
Cover | Cubrir | Cross | Cruzar |
Crown | Coronar | Cry | Gritar, llorar |
Damage | Dañar | Dance | Bailar |
Dawn | Amanecer | Deceive | Engañar |
Decide | Decidir | Declare | Declarar |
Defend | Defender | Deliver | Entregar |
Desire | Desear | Despise | Despreciar |
Destroy | Destruir | Detach | Separar |
Develop | Desarrollar | Devote | Dedicar |
Devour | Devorar | Discover | Descubrir |
Dislike | Desaprobar | Disturb | Perturbar |
Divide | Dividir | Drag | Arrastrar |
Drop | Dejar caer | Dry | Secar |
Earn | Ganar | Elect | Elegir |
Employ | Emplear | Enclose | Incluir |
Encourage | Animar | End | Terminar |
Enjoy | Disfrutar | Enter | Entrar |
Establish | Establecer | Esteem | Estimar |
Evoke | Evocar | Exchange | Cambiar |
Expect | Esperar | Explain | Explicar |
Explode | Estallar | Expose | Exponer |
Express | Expresar | Extract | Extraer |
Fail | Fallar | Fear | Temer |
Fetch | Ir por | Fill | Llenar |
Finish | Acabar | Fish | Pescar |
Fit | Ajustar | Fix | Fijar |
Float | Flotar | Fold | Doblar |
Follow | Seguir | Found | Fundar |
Gain | Ganar | Gamble | Jugar |
Gather | Recoger | Govern | Gobernar |
Grant | Conceder | Greet | Saludar |
Guard | Guardar | Guess | Adivinar |
Handle | Manejar | Hang | Ahorcar |
Happen | Suceder | Hate | Odiar |
Heat | Calentar | Help | Ayudar |
Hire | Alquilar | Hope | Esperar |
Hunt | Cazar | Hurry | Apresurarse |
Imagine | Imaginar | Imply | Implicar |
Import | Importar | Impress | Impresionar |
Improve | Mejorar | Include | Incluir |
Increase | Aumentar | Inquire | Averiguar |
Intend | Proponerse | Invent | Inventar |
Invite | Invitar | Iron | Planchar |
Join | Unir | Joke | Bromear |
Jump | Saltar | Justify | Justificar |
Kick | Cocear | Kill | Matar |
Kiss | Besar | Knock | Golpear |
Land | Aterrizar | Last | Durar |
Laugh | Reír | Lie | Mentir |
Like | Gustar | Listen | Escuchar |
Live | Vivir | Look | Mirar |
Love | Amar | Lower | Bajar |
Maintain | Mantener | Marry | Casarse |
Measure | Medir | Mend | Componer |
Mention | Mencionar | Move | Mover |
Name | Nombrar | Note | Notar |
Notice | Notar, darse cuenta | Number | Numerar |
Obey | Obedecer | Oblige | Obligar |
Oblige | Obligar | Occupy | Ocupar |
Offer | Ofrecer | Open | Abrir |
Order | Ordenar | Organize | Organizar |
Pack | Empaquetar | Paint | Pintar |
Pass | Pasar | Permit | Permitir |
Place | Colocar | Play | Jugar |
Please | Agradar | Possess | Poseer |
Practise | Practicar | Prefer | Preferir |
Prepare | Preparar | Present | Presentar |
Produce | Producir | Promise | Prometer |
Propose | Proponer | Pull | Tirar de |
Punish | Castigar | Push | Empujar |
Rain | Llover | Reach | Alcanzar |
Receive | Recibir | Refer | Referir |
Refuse | Rehusar | Relieve | Aliviar |
Remain | Permanecer | Remember | Recordar |
Remind | Recordar | Remove | Quitar |
Rent | Arrendar | Repair | Reparar |
Repeat | Repetir | Reply | Replicar |
Report | Informar | Request | Suplicar, requerir |
Require | Requerir | Rest | Descansar |
Return | Volver | Rush | Precipitarse |
Sail | Navegar | Save | Ahorrar |
Seem | Parecer | Sharpen | Afilar |
Shout | Gritar | Sign | Firmar |
Smile | Sonreír | Smoke | Fumar |
Sound | Sonar | Start | Empezar |
Stop | Parar | Study | Estudiar |
Suffer | Sufrir | Suggest | Sugerir |
Suppose | Suponer | Surprise | Sorprender |
Talk | Hablar | Tame | Domesticar |
Taste | Probar | Tire | Cansar |
Touch | Tocar | Test | Probar |
Thank | Agradecer | Tie | Atar |
Translate | Traducir | Travel | Viajar |
Trouble | Molestar | Trust | Confiar |
Try | Probar | Turn | Girar |
Unite | Unir | Use | Usar |
Vary | Variar | Visit | Visitar |
Wait | Esperar | Walk | Andar |
Want | Querer | Wash | Lavar |
Watch | Vigilar | Weigh | Pesar |
Wish | Desear | Work | Trabajar |
Worry | Preocuparse | Wound | Herir |
ACÁ LES DEJO LA LISTA DE VERBOS IRREGULARES:
INFINITIVO | PASADO SIMPLE | PARTICIPIO PASADO | TRADUCCIÓN |
Arise | Arose | Arisen | Surgir, Levantarse |
Awake | Awoke | Awoken | Despertarse |
Be/ am, are, is | Was / Were | Been | Ser / Estar |
Bear | Bore | Borne / Born | Soportar, dar a luz |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Golpear |
Become | Became | Become | Llegar a Ser |
Begin | Began | Begun | Empezar |
Bend | Bent | Bent | Doblar |
Bet | Bet | Bet | Apostar |
Bind | Bound | Bound | Atar, encuadernar |
Bid | Bid | Bid | Pujar |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Morder |
Bleed | Bled | Bled | Sangrar |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Soplar |
Break | Broke | Broken | Romper |
Breed | Bred | Bred | Criar |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Traer Llevar |
Broadcast | Broadcast | Broadcast | Radiar |
Build | Built | Built | Edificar |
Burn | Burnt /Burned | Burnt / Burned | Quemar |
Burst | Burst | Burst | Reventar |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Comprar |
Cast | Cast | Cast | Arrojar |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Coger |
Come | Came | Come | Venir |
Cost | Cost | Cost | Costar |
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cortar |
Choose | Chose | Chosen | Elegir |
Cling | Clung | Clung | Agarrarse |
Creep | Crept | Crept | Arrastrarse |
Deal | Dealt | Dealt | Tratar |
Dig | Dug | Dug | Cavar |
Do (Does) | Did | Done | Hacer |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Dibujar |
Dream | Dreamt / Dreamed | Dreamt / Dreamed | Soñar |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Beber |
Drive | Drove | Driven | Conducir |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | Comer |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Caer |
Feed | Fed | Fed | Alimentar |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Sentir |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Luchar |
Find | Found | Found | Encontrar |
Flee | Fled | Fled | Huir |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Volar |
Forbid | Forbade | Forbidden | Prohibir |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Olvidar |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Perdonar |
Freeze | Froze | Frozen | Helar |
Get | Got | Got / Gotten | Obtener |
Give | Gave | Given | Dar |
Go (Goes) | Went | Gone | Ir |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Crecer |
Grind | Ground | Ground | Moler |
Hang | Hung | Hung | Colgar |
Have | Had | Had | Haber o Tener |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Oir |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Ocultar |
Hit | Hit | Hit | Golpear |
Hold | Held | Held | Agarrar Celebrar |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Herir |
Keep | Kept | Kept | Conservar |
Know | Knew | Known | Saber Conocer |
Kneel | Knelt | Knelt | Arrodillarse |
Knit | Knit | Knit | Hacer punto |
Lay | Laid | Laid | Poner |
Lead | Led | Led | Conducir |
Lean | Leant | Leant | Apoyarse |
Leap | Leapt | Leapt | Brincar |
Learn | Learnt / Learned | Learnt / Learned | Aprender |
Leave | Left | Left | Dejar |
Lend | Lent | Lent | Prestar |
Let | Let | Let | Permitir |
Lie | Lay | Lain | Echarse |
Light | Lit | Lit | Encender |
Lose | Lost | Lost | Perder |
Make | Made | Made | Hacer |
Mean | Meant | Meant | Significar |
Meet | Met | Met | Encontrar |
Mistake | Mistook | Mistaken | Equivocar |
Overcome | Overcame | Overcome | Vencer |
Pay | Paid | Paid | Pagar |
Put | Put | Put | Poner |
Read | Read | Read | Leer |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | Montar |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Llamar |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Levantarse |
Run | Ran | Run | Correr |
Say | Said | Said | Decir |
See | Saw | Seen | Ver |
Seek | Sought | Sought | Buscar |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Vender |
Send | Sent | Sent | Enviar |
Set | Set | Set | Poner(se) |
Sew | Sewed | Sewed / Sewn | Coser |
Shake | Shook | Shaken | Sacudir |
Shear | Shore | Shorn | Esquilar |
Shine | Shone | Shone | Brillar |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Disparar |
Show | Showed | Shown | Mostrar |
Shrink | Shrank | Shrunk | Encogerse |
Shut | Shut | Shut | Cerrar |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Cantar |
Sink | Sank | Sunk | Hundir |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sentarse |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Dormir |
Slide | Slid | Slid | Resbalar |
Smell | Smelt | Smelt | Oler |
Sow | Sowed | Sowed / Sown | Sembrar |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Hablar |
Speed | Sped | Sped | Acelerar |
Spell | Spelt | Spelt | Deletrear |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Gastar |
Spill | Spilt / Spilled | Spilt / Spilled | Derramar |
Spin | Spun | Spun | Hilar |
Spit | Spat | Spat | Escupir |
Split | Split | Split | Hender / partir / rajar |
Spoil | Spoilt / Spoiled | Spoilt / Spoiled | Estropear |
Spread | Spread | Spread | Extender |
Spring | Sprang | Sprung | Saltar |
Stand | Stood | Stood | Estar en pie |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Robar |
Stick | Stuck | Stuck | Pegar Engomar |
Sting | Stung | Stung | Picar |
Stink | Stank/Stunk | Stunk | Apestar |
Stride | Strode | Stridden | Dar zancadas |
Strike | Struck | Struck | Golpear |
Swear | Swore | Sworn | Jurar |
Sweat | Sweat | Sweat | Sudar |
Sweep | Swept | Swept | Barrer |
Swell | Swelled | Swollen | Hinchar |
Swim | Swam | Swum | Nadar |
Swing | Swung | Swung | Columpiarse |
Take | Took | Taken | Coger |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Enseñar |
Tear | Tore | Torn | Rasgar |
Tell | Told | Told | Decir |
Think | Thought | Thought | Pensar |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Arrojar Tirar |
Thrust | Thrust | Thrust | Introducir |
Tread | Trod | Trodden | Pisar, hollar |
Understand | Understood | Understood | Entender |
Undergo | Underwent | Undergone | Sufrir |
Undertake | Undertook | Undertaken | Emprender |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Despertarse |
Wear | Wore | Worn | Llevar puesto |
Weave | Wove | Woven | Tejer |
Weep | Wept | Wept | Llorar |
Wet | Wet | Wet | Mojar |
Win | Won | Won | Ganar |
Wind | Wound | Wound | Enrollar |
Withdraw | Withdrew | Withdrawn | Retirarse |
Wring | Wrung | Wrung | Torcer |
Write | Wrote | Written | Escribir |
Activity: Match column A with column B
PAST CONTINUOUS
Se utiliza para expresar algo que yo estaba haciendo unos minutos antes. Se afirmará, negará e interrogará solo ya que se está utilizando el verbo TO BE.
Estructura:
PRON. + TO BE + verbING |
Pron. | Verb to be | Frase de Tiempo | |
I HE SHE IT | WAS (+) WASN´T (-) | WORKING | *Yesterday (ayer) *Last week (la semana pasada) *Last year (el año pasado) *Last Monday (el lunes pasado) *The day before yesterday (el día antes de ayer) |
_I was at home yesterday. (Yo estuve en casa ayer) (+)
_He wasn´t working last sunday. (El no estaba trabajando el domingo pasado) (-)
-Was she visiting her friend?. (Estaba ella visitando a su amiga?) (?)
Yes, she was/No, she wasn´t
Pron. | Verb to be | Frase de Tiempo | |
YOU WE THEY | WERE (+) WEREN´T (-) | EATING | *Yesterday (ayer) *Last week (la semana pasada) *Last year (el año pasado) *Last Monday (el lunes pasado) *The day before yesterday (el día antes de ayer) |
- You were EATING yesterday. (Tu estabas comiendo ayer) (+)
_They weren´t eating a hamburger last sunday. (El no estaba comiendo una hamburguesa el domingo pasado) (-)
_Were we eating a hamburger? (Estábamos nosotros comiendo una hamburguesa?) (?)
Yes, We were/No, we weren´t
Activity:
................................................................................................................................................................
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
(Affirmative form) I had written a book. (Yo había escrito un libro)
(Interrogative form) Had I written a book? (Había escrito yo un libro?)
(answer/respuesta) Yes, I had/No, I hadn´t
(Negative form) I hadn´t written a book. (Yo no había escrito un libro)
Activity: decidí es pasado simple o perfecto simple????
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Estructura
(Affirmative form) He had been watching t.v. before he was killed (El había estado viendo televisión antes de que lo mataran)
(Negative form) He hadn´t been watching t.v. before he was killed (El no había estado viendo t.v. antes de que lo mataran)
(Interrogative form) Had he been watching t.v. before he was killed. (Había estado el viendo t.v. antes de que lo mataran?)
(answer/respuesta) Yes, He had been/No, he hadn´t been
Activity: Ahora según lo estudiado te dejo esta actividad para que coloques según corresponda los tiempos verbales en cada oración; ten en cuenta las frases de tiempo y pronombres personales.
Se utiliza el Pasado Perfecto Simple para expresar algo que realicé hace mucho tiempo y que quedó ahí, es decir, que esa acción no continuó.
Estructura:
PRON. + HAD + VERBO 3ra COLUMNA + … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
(Affirmative form) I had written a book. (Yo había escrito un libro)
(Interrogative form) Had I written a book? (Había escrito yo un libro?)
(answer/respuesta) Yes, I had/No, I hadn´t
(Negative form) I hadn´t written a book. (Yo no había escrito un libro)
Activity: decidí es pasado simple o perfecto simple????
..............................................................................................................................................
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Estructura
PRON. + HAD + BEEN + verboING + … + FRASE DE TIEMPO |
(Affirmative form) He had been watching t.v. before he was killed (El había estado viendo televisión antes de que lo mataran)
(Negative form) He hadn´t been watching t.v. before he was killed (El no había estado viendo t.v. antes de que lo mataran)
(Interrogative form) Had he been watching t.v. before he was killed. (Había estado el viendo t.v. antes de que lo mataran?)
(answer/respuesta) Yes, He had been/No, he hadn´t been
Activity: Ahora según lo estudiado te dejo esta actividad para que coloques según corresponda los tiempos verbales en cada oración; ten en cuenta las frases de tiempo y pronombres personales.